Hippocratic Oath for Physicians essays

Hippocratic Oath for Physicians essays All physicians must first take the Hippocratic Oath before beginning on their path of medicine and healing. The oath is thousands of years old and represents the key elements of the physicians beliefs and ideals toward his patients and medicine in general. This ancient oath is still practiced all over the world today, and represents man kinds long and arduous attempt to master healing and medicine. The beginning of the physicians oath opens with an invocation of Greek gods and goddesses, most noteworthy Apollo and Asclepius. In this way, the physician taking the oath is swearing by his most scared beliefs to fulfill his duty. If he were to ever break his oath, that would be blasphemous, he would be breaking his promise to the gods. This oath originated in ancient Greece and therefore still has ties to ancient Greek customs and beliefs. Apollo was one of the major Olympian gods who presided over human affairs. Asclepius was the demigod of medicine and healing. His daughter, Hygeia was the goddess of health and cleanliness. The ancient physician would have revered these deities due to his connection to the things they governed. This beginning passage of the oath also proves significant for it shows how much power the physician actually carries within his hands. He carries a gift from the gods, and this oath ensures that he will use that gift for the good of all man kin d, rather than for selfish or immoral reasons. Within the context of this oath, physicians who teach others their highly crafted art are revered as father figures to their students. This is entirely justifiable, for they teach life lessons which ensure both the success of their students and the benefit of their patients. Parents are the primary source for life lessons, and so physicians who become teachers tap into that role when they divulge the secrets of medicine and healing to their students. This analogy is also justifiable in th...

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources Assignment

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources - Assignment Example Many feel that the journalist crosses the line of credibility when they extend this confidentiality to the identity of the story’s source. They suggest that reporters use anonymous sources as a shortcut. It’s easier than using investigative techniques such as uncovering documented evidence and speaking to a larger number of people than solving an intricate but credible puzzle.  A journalist that wants their story to be believed uses at least two named sources in a story. Using just one source that is unknown to the reader, and sometimes the reporter, for the sake of sensationalism and competition is, unfortunately, becoming a common practice. Others, including responsible journalists, firmly believe that the use of confidential or anonymous sources by journalists is essential in providing the public with vital information. This is because certain potential sources in sensitive government or business positions would not be willing to offer information without the assur ance that their identity remains confidential. Many journalists view their job as a duty to inform the public regarding unscrupulous dealings by those who wield power over the public. Those that advocate free speeches argue that if the media employs the use of anonymous sources conscientiously in a genuine effort to generate credible stories, the significance of the information outweighs any apprehensions regarding the origination of those sources. Both lines of reasoning are valid yet each must admit the other’s weaknesses

Development of the Five Islamic Schools of Law Essay

Development of the Five Islamic Schools of Law - Essay Example Medina was the location that Muhammad and his followers settled in after traveling to it in 622. (Kahn 2001). Other Arab tribes as well as Jews were already living there, so Muhammad made a series of agreements with them in order to maintain an organized, peaceful relationship, as well as lawful order. These formal agreements have come to be known as the Constitution of Medina; it involved the rights, duties and methods of solving disputes among members of various classes. (Al-Muhajabah, 2003). The agreements also gave the prophet Muhammad jurisdiction over all of the people living there. His actions, including his jurisdiction, were based on his interpretation of and strict adherence to the Qu'ran. (Kahn, 2001). "In simple terms, the first Islamic state established in Medina was based on a social contract, was constitutional in character and the ruler ruled with the explicit written consent of all the citizens of the state." (Kahn, 2001). The constitution of Medina established a pluralistic state -- a community of communities. It promised equal security to all and all were equal in the eyes of the law. (Kahn, 2001). Each tribe had its own laws, and they all had to agree on them for them to be held as laws. "To the tribe as a whole belonged the power to determine the standards by which its members should live." (Coulson, 1994). The pluralism set forth by the community of Medina set the stage for the pluralism found of the separation of Islamic law into five distinct schools. The first school of law to be discussed is the Maliki school. The school of Islamic law referred to as Maliki was founded by Anas ibn Malik. This is the school that was formerly the ancient school of Medina. Thus it continued to accentuate the practices that were encompassed by the Medinese community. While the three other schools or jurisprudence adhered to using the Qu'ran as their primary source for law formulation, the Maliki school was the only one to use the practice of the people of Medina as not only a source but often the primary source (rather than the Qu'ran). Malik felt that utilizing the practices of the people of Medina was a good source because both Muhammad and his companions lived their for most of their lives. Malik considered the people of Medina to be "living Sunnah." (Wikipedia 2008). Although some reliance on "Hadith (traditions concerning the Prophet's life and utterances)" was still evident, the Malikites preferred traditional opinions and analogical reasoning. (Encyclopedia Britannica 2008). The Maliki school believed that their laws did not need to be based on the Qu'ran and could instead be based on Muhammad's companions, for he gave them a "distinction and knowledge" that God had given to him. There were no records of God's words save those in the knowledge shared by Muhammad. (Brockopp from Weiss 2002). "The Great Shaykh theory makes explicit what is implied in these texts: that individuals, such as Imams and teachers, are invested with such religious authority that their words can generate law. Ascribing religious authority to great individuals quickly became endemic in Islamic culture great men and women, while no longer prophets, were still thought to embody certain ideals of truth and justice which emanated from the divine realm." (Brockopp from W

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Human Nature in Macbeth Essay Macbeth is a play that examines human nature. During the play there is a significant amount of emphasis on the different attributes and sides of human nature. The play demonstrates that everyone has the ability to do good or evil by what choices they make and what the ramifications of these actions are, decisions are made that affect the outcome of a person’s future. Macbeth is a prime example of the human nature in its very worst form. Throughout the play, Macbeth experience somewhat of a fall from grace. Macbeth’s greed and poor decision making caused him to lose everything he had worked so hard for. He became engulfed in greed and would stop at nothing to gain what he believed was rightly his. He went from somebody who was a strong courageous and well respected man who was an honourable warrior for Scotland. To someone who was so blinded by his hunger for power it drove him to incredible lengths such as killing his own cousin and best friend, to receive what was promised him by the witches. Macbeth’s disloyalty is a huge flaw in his character and part of his human nature. He murdered his long-time friend and king, Duncan. He had no remorse for his actions, he was only concerned for his own safety that he wouldn’t get caught. â€Å"The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. † (act 2, scene 1) Shakespeare uses the character of Macbeth to demonstrate to his audience that the decisions we make and the actions we take can easily be affected by simple aspects of human nature such as greed, this hunger for power that some people seem to possess and that we can so easily be manipulated by others to do wrong. Lady Macbeth is very manipulative towards her husband, by questioning his manhood, emotionally blackmailing him she brings out his pride to do as she desires. â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. † (act 1, scene 7) She plays on the weakest parts of Macbeth’s character to manipulate him. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. † (act 1, scene 7) This shows that Macbeth was set to not kill Duncan but Lady Macbeth manipulated him to change this mindset. So if were not for Lady Macbeth’s toying and manipulation of Macbeth he would still be the honourable man he once was. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare uses his main Characters, particularly Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to show the very worst of human nature and tried to show his audience and anyone to read the play in the years to come that our choices and actions can be easily influenced by others and that everything we do, particularly bad things have serious ramifications, in Macbeths case, The total destruction of himself, his wife and his country.

Token ring :: essays research papers

Token ring is a local area network protocol which resides at the data link layer (DLL) of the OSI model. It uses a special three-byte frame called a token that travels unidirectionally around a star-wired logical ring. Token ring frames travel completely around the loop. The name 'Token Ring' is misleading since the physical topology is a loop. Each station passes or repeats the special token frame around the ring to its nearest downstream neighbor. This token-passing process is used to arbitrate access to the shared ring media. Stations that have data frames to transmit must first acquire the token before they can transmit them. Token ring LANs normally use differential Manchester encoding of bits on the LAN media. Token ring was invented by Olof SÃ ¶derblom in the late 1960s. It was later licensed to IBM, who popularized the use of token ring LANs in the mid 1980s when it released its IBM token ring architecture based on active multi-station access units (MSAUs or MAUs) and the IBM Structured Cabling System. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (http://www.ieee.org) later standardized a token ring LAN system as IEEE 802.5 (http://www.ieee802.org/5/). Token ring LAN speeds of 4Mbps, 16Mbps, 100Mbps and 1Gbps have been standardized by the IEEE 802.5 working group. Token ring networks had significantly superior performance and reliability compared to early shared-media implementations of Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), and were widely adopted as a higher-performance alternative to shared-media Ethernet. However, with the development of switched Ethernet, token ring architectures lagged badly behind Ethernet in both performance and reliability. The higher sales of Ethernet allowed economies of scale which drove down prices further, and added a compelling price advantage to its other advantages over token ring. Token ring networks have since declined in usage and the standards activity has since come to a standstill as switched Ethernet has dominated the LAN/layer 2 networking market. The Token Frame When no station is transmitting a data frame, a special token frame circles the loop. This special token frame is repeated from station to station until arriving at a station that needs to transmit data. When a station needs to transmit a data frame, it converts the token frame into a data frame for transmission. The special token frame consists of three bytes as follows: Starting Delimiter - consists of a special bit pattern denoting the beginning of the frame. The bits from most significant to least significant are J,K,0,J,K,0,0,0. J and K are code violations.

The ‘Lotus’ (‘Nelumbo Nucifera’)

The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment. Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial. Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment. Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.The ‘Lotus' is scientifically known as ‘Nelumbo Nucifera'. It is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.Lotus flower is found only in two colours that are pink and white. The flower grows in murky waters and rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious. It is a beautiful flower which symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and not to forget enlightenment . Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart and mind. According to Hindu mythology Lotus is made as a seat of the Goddess of wealth – Lakshmi.

Hearts R Us Preferred Stock Classification - 3636 Words

MEMO To: Borg Re: Preferred stock classification Facts Borg (the Company) is an early-stage research and development medical device company. Borg has no current products in the marketplace but is in the final stages of going to market with the Heart Valve System. All preliminary trials have been approved by the FDA, and the Company is in the final trial; once the final trial is complete, the Company will present the product to the FDA for final approval. If approved by the FDA, the Heart Valve System will revolutionize the way medical professionals repair heart valve defects. Bionic Body (â€Å"Bionic†), a SEC registrant, is a biological medical device company that focuses on the development of implantable biological devices, surgical†¦show more content†¦For this reason, among others, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Section 480 contains extensive guidance on distinguishing liabilities from equity. However, it is first necessary to determine if this Code section is applicable. ASC 480-10-15-3 states: The guidance in the Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Topic applies to any freestanding financial instrument, including one that has any of the following attributes: a. Comprises more than one option or forward contract The Shares that Borg sold to Bionic contain both a mandatory conversion right and a contingent redemption right meaning that the Shares possess both a conversion option and an embedded put option (the holder can force redemption on the seller). These features are embedded in the host contract that the Shares represent. It would therefore be appropriate to apply the guidance of ASC section 480. To aid in the application of this guidance, Ernst amp; Young provides a flowchart in their publication, Issuer’s Accounting for Debt and Equity Financings (October 2015), Section 3.2 that is included at the end of this memo. ASC 480-10-25-4 specifies that, â€Å"a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument shall be classified as a liability†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Shares in this case possess a contingent redemption right wherein the Shares will be redeemed on the fifth anniversary of the date of purchase if the Heart Valve System that BorgShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hearts R Us Preferred Stock Classification Solution1402 Words   |  6 PagesRead and Download PDF File Hearts R Us Preferred Stock Classification Solution HEARTS R US PREFERRED STOCK CLASSIFICATION SOLUTION Download: HEARTS R US PREFERRED STOCK CLASSIFICATION SOLUTION PDF There are many free Hearts R Us Preferred Stock Classification Solution that are continually composed and archived in our online collection. 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