Physical And Chemical Properties Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences Essay

Physical And chemical neatties Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences EssayChapter 1 has been drafted in a manner that it is to draw the context of this dissertation. It defines the locality, and has an insight into the mating eastbound Indian Bamboo industry. It attempts to justify the hire of bamboo as a principal(a) whirl substantive in the country-style atomic number 18a, collectible(p) to its abundant accessibility. It tries to highlight the faults in the menstruation and handed-down regularitys prevalent in the realm which atomic number 18 a hindrance to bamboo being much a great plentifulness uptaked for structure. The dissertation look into looks into gathering substantial proofs to support the hypothesis which comes after beneathstanding the capers of the bowl of force.1.1 Bamboo distribution1.1.1 World Wide DistributionBamboo is a plant be acheing to the unbowed grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambuso intellecti wiz, tribe Bamb mathematical funct ionae. In bamboo, the internodal characters of the ar appease atomic number 18 hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross section argon scattered by dint of come step forwards the stem instead of in a cylindrical arrangement. Bamboo is a native to quintette continents around the world Asia, Africa, South America, nitrogen America and Australia. It is found at any elevations from the coast of the Philippines up to 15,000 feet above sea level in the eastern Andes.Bamboo grows in the tropical, subtropical and temperate component parts of all(a) continents except Eu lap, geographically divided into 3 zones the Asia- Pacific zone(around 700 species), the America zone (around 400 species) and the Afri throw out zone (around 50 species). There atomic number 18 totally 70 genera and 1 ii hundred species of bamboo all over the world that pee been recorded, with some more than in vestigial sh ares to be discovered and identified. Over 2.5 billion people worldwide use or tr ade in bamboo worth 4.5 billion US vaulting horse e precise year (INBAR 1999).1.1.2 South East AsiaBamboo is found in copiousness in South East Asia, the tropical scenario, temperature and soil conditions in the atomic number 18a widely promotes the offshoot of bamboo in the bea. China is known as the body politic of Bamboo, with around 500 bamboo species native here, indispensablely distributed in 16 provinces and 1 municipal city, among which Yunnan takes up 220 species due to its diversified climate and geographical characteristics. imputable to its abundance in availability, from the starting of time bamboo as such(prenominal) has been a element of all South East Asian traditions. Bamboo is an inseparable part of south east Asian culture, medicine , music, grammatical construction and food.In construction, bamboo provides pillars, floors, beleaguers, doors, window frames, rafters, room separators, ceilings and roofs. The meeting houses of some New Guinea vill terms b e 20 m tall and more than 40 m long, with huge bamboo poles mystify deep into the shew and bent over in the shape of chivalric arches to carry the thickly thatched roof, creating some of the boldest structures construct with minimal equipment and technology. Japanese houses be far more sophisticated, but atomic number 18 still typically built of woodwind, paper and bamboo. Bamboo is employ to make guard houses in rice fields, roadside food shops, hot houses for growing mushrooms, smoke houses for drying tobacco or rubber, depot houses for rice and other produce, and livestock sheds. Bamboo is besides used to make pegs which sub nails. Bamboo scaffolding finds all-inclusive use in Asian cities, even on actually tall makes. Bamboo is used throughout bucolic Asia to build connect of many types and sizes they can be as long as 25 m, often involving sophisticated technology as suspension bridge over, but withal with simple technology in the form of pontoon bridges (K urz 1876). Many villagers use bamboo shingles, with the macro stems split in half and laid with the convex and cupular sides stand outly facing upwards, with their edges overlapping. In coastal flying fields, roofs often are make of thatch woven from nipa palm around long slivrers of bamboo. muddle Bamboo Area(10,000 hectare) Bamboo SpeciesChina 500.00 500India 400.00 136Burma 217.00 90Thailand 81.00 60Bangladesh 60.00 30Cambodia 28.70 Vietnam 13.00 92Japan 13.80 230Indonesia 6.00 30Malaysia 2.00 44Philippines 2.00 55Korea 0.80 13Sri Lanka 0.20 14In countries exchangeable China, Japan and Korea, bamboo similarly is a frequently used hot motive for poets and painters. Philosophers and literateurs took bamboo as a symbol for a good temper making progress modest straight (Wang 2000) there, bamboo is non only a useful stuff and nonsense for their everyday life, but also has al draw been demonstrable into a so called bamboo culture through the long time of cohabitation with p eople.1.1.3 India wherefore labor union East India?India is al-Qaida to intimately 45% of the worlds bamboo production. There are 125 species of bamboo in India airing across 18 genera. According to a survey by BMTPC (Building Materials and Technology progress Council) India produces about 13.5 Million Metric Tons of bamboo annually from 9.6 Million Hectares land area (used only for bamboo plantation). Sympodial bamboo consists of 67% of growing stock and monopodial bamboo comprises of 20% of growing stock. fall out of this amount the North Eastern part of India alone has the gross cope of 66% of the total production. So, it can be verbalise that dominancely this region has the widest range climate and topography desirable for harvest of bamboo.Distribution of Bamboo in North East India(Area in sq km * )S. No. State Area under Bamboos Area under Muli Bamboo Area under other Bamboo Spp. Area pass judgment to f turn down Area accessible (Flowered)1. Arunachal Pradesh 459 0 100.002. Assam 8213 2950 14563. Manipur 3692 1592 4004. Meghalaya 3100 400 2700 400 2005. Mizoram 6646 5100 1500 5100 12006. Nagaland 0758 250 2507. Tripura 2397 960 1437 2397 300Bamboo is a vital element of Indias North Eastern region comprising the give tongue tos of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. Bamboo has been a traditional real of construction that has been used in the wedlock east region from quiet some time. In Borneo and the Naga Hills of India, large communal houses that may be 100 m long are built of bamboo. In Arunachal Pradesh, large suspension bridges have been make out of bamboo, In Assam houses made of bamboo are the typical house type in villages which stand the test of floods and earthquakes in the region. Bamboo is the material of excerption when it comes to arts and swap in the region. A number of traditional musical instruments are also made from bamboo.The virtues of bamboo are not new, but the intere st in it is, says Antonios Levissianos, UNIDO sr. industrial development officer. Bamboo is no longer seen as a poor mans baseball bat, it is growing to be the most burnished easement for wood and there is big(p) scope for further generating rural function. Indias genuine demand for bamboo is an estimated 27 gazillion tones. However, only 50 per centime of that demand can be met because of lack of facilities for value increase and transportation.1.2 wherefore Bamboo?Bamboo is one of the foremost sustainable naturally in stock(predicate) material that has been used in construction since ages. Bamboo is the traditional material of choice that has been in use in the North East region of India since time immemorial. Bamboo is enduring, versatile and renewable, and due to its vast production (13.5 million metric tonnes annually), it was also the material of choice in construction. Bamboo can replace a variety of woods that are being increasingly used for construction today, and thus helper in saving forests which today are in a critical show of deforestation. Also, bamboo converts more carbon-di-oxide, than most other plants, and therefrom a more eco-friendly material. The growth rate of bamboo is also deuce-acesome times to eucalyptus and it can be harvested four times in the same period, hence its production and availability is much more compared to wood. So, bamboo should be the material of choice in the field of construction and not only as a scaffolding pick as it is in the main used today, at least in the regions where it is right away available and in bounty.1.2.1 Physical and chemical Properties of bambooPhysical PropertiesPhysical properties of bamboo varies greatly from species to species, and to some extent within a species. Culms are generally long and straight and the hollow internodes make it comparative degreely light. The stance of bamboo varies within the species, age of culm, moisture content and portion of culm and generall y increases until it reaches maturity. The tensile strength of a bamboo pole is high parallel to the g rain. Bamboo however, fails in shear sooner it fails in tension and so modulus of rupture is used to calculate strength. Due to its lite transverse bonds between its fibres, it can be spilt easily along the aloofness (radial or tangential)Chemical PropertiesThe main constituents of the bamboo culm are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Other constituents consist of resins, tannins, waxes and inorganic salts. The report card varies foundd on old age of growth, season, species and the part of the culm. Studies on moisture, ligno-cellulosic, amylum and silica content are presented in this section. The main percentage composition of a bamboo pole are in the first place Cellulose Fibers 40% Parenchyma 50% Vessels (voids) 10%Mechanical PropertiesThe fibers contribute 60-70% of the weight of the total culm tissue. They are long and tapering at their ends. The ratio of length to width varies between 1501 and 2501. Fiber length has showed considerable variation within species. There is also variation in strength properties along the culm height as well. Compressive strength tends to increase with height Espiloy 1987 Liese 1987 Sattar et al. 1990 Kabir et al. 1991. The strength increases from the central to the outer(a)most part. There is more than 100 percent variation in strength from the inner to the outer layers Narayanamurti and Bist 1947.1.2.2 Bamboo In comparison to other prevalent construction materialsA comparative study of the energy required to produce a unit of a building material with a sure level of load-bearing efficacy gives an idea of the sustainability of bamboo.Due to its hollowness and the fibres being in the longitudinal direction, bamboo is a very in force(p) material for structural design, as less material is engageed than in case of traditional construction materials such as steel and concrete as massive sections can be avoid ed. In case of load bearing mass, due to its tubular structure bamboo behaves as a I-shaped cross-section, in each of the direction of its load, but it is less efficient than other cross sections in one or two directions.The mechanic properties, the high extent of flexibility, its exceptionally fast growth rate, comparatively lower weight and low cost make bamboo a preferable building material over other construction materials. Although, in its natural state bamboo is smaller efficient to be used as a construction material due to its inclinedness to decay and insect attack, so, bamboo needs to be treated before it can be used as an extensive construction material.1.2.3 Bamboo as a sustainable construction materialBamboo is not a tree, it is a grass, so un kindred trees it does not yield timber. Bamboos environmental benefits arise largely out of its ability to grow and spread quickly in some cases three to four feet per day without the need for fertilizers, pesticides or much w ater.A bamboo grove also releases some 35 percent more oxygen into the air than a similar-sized stand of trees, because of this, plant bamboo is a great way to reduce your carbon footprint and help fight global warming, a perfect selection for going jet and it matures (and can be replanted) within seven years (compared to 30-50 years for a stand of trees), helping to improve soil conditions and prevent erosion along the way. Bamboo is so fast-growing that it can yield 20 times more timber than trees on the same area.As a building material, bamboo is also ideal in that it is sturdy, and can be cut and laminated into sheets and planks, just like wood. The quality of bamboo laminate varies between manufacturers and the maturity of the plant from which it was harvested the sturdiest products fulfill their claims of being up to three times harder than oak hardwood but others may be softer than warning hardwood. Again, the many varieties of bamboo give it the advantage of versatility. F or countries who are poor and struggling to apparent motion away from polluting industries, growing bamboo has the potential to become a viable sparing and environmental solution. Bamboo if used as a major construction material, addresses three major areasECOLOGICAL trade protection conservation of forests through timber substitution, alternate materials to non-biodegradable high energy consuming materials like metals and plasticsSUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY bamboo based agro -forestry system, maintenance of soil fertility of adjoining agricultural lands, and bamboo shoots. supporting SECURITY generation of employment in planting and aboriginal treat for manufacturing mat based composites and other market driven bamboo products.Bamboo poles can be used to make papers and frock, and the surgical process is environment friendly as little harmful chemicals are required to make paper and clothes out of the bamboo plant. The environmental impact of bamboo is what makes it an ideal material for construction in both interior and exterior of any building.1.3 Bamboo Usable in locution1.3.1 Durability of bamboo structureBamboo is a natural composite with remarkable growth rate, and potent physical and mechanistic properties which makes it one of the most suitable renewal for wood and a major and most sought after sustainable building material in the region of its growth. But bamboo in its natural state is not a very durable material and is very prone to infestation and decay. Thus, most bamboos used for structural purposes in rural and tribal housing deteriorate in a couple of years, put heavy crush on the resource, owing to increased demands for frequent replacements. This adversely affects the supplies of bamboo, even in bamboo rich regions.India, with an annual production of about 3.2 million tones of bamboos, ranks second only to China in bamboo production (Pathak, 1989). Over 136 species in 30 genera occur in India (Suri and Chauhan, 1984). The two most widely distributed genera in India are Bambusa and Dendrocalamus. In South and Southeast Asia, the most economically important species for structural uses from the point of view of easy availability are Bambusa balcoa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa polymorpha, Bambusa tulda, Barnbusa vulgaris, Dendrocalarmus hamiltonii, Dendrocalarnus strictus, Melocanna barnbusoides, Gigan tochloa spp., Ochlandra travanicorica and Oxytenathera nigroeiliata.Unfortunately, like most lignocellulosic materials, bamboo has very low resistance to biological degrading agents. some(prenominal) techniques to enhance its durability have, therefore, been develop. innate Durability of BambooWorldwide and mainly in the South East Asian mainland where bamboo grows in abundance there are a great many traditional and chemical methods for the preservation and enhance durability of bamboo. However, here we mainly discuss briefly the traditional method of increasing the durability of ba mboo which are tested and practiced in the labor union east Indian region which is the main producer of bamboo in the country. chromosomal mutation in durability has also been observed along the length of the culm and the ponderousness of the wall. The lower portion of the culm is considered more durable, while the inner part of the wall deteriorates faster than the outer harder portion. This is probably related to the anatomical and chemical temperament of the woody cells.Because of the lack of any toxic constituents, bamboos form a busy food source for a variety of organisms. The presence of considerable quantities of stiffen in green or dry bamboo makes it more attractive to such organisms, especially stain fungi and borer beetles. Some sap imbibe insects have been reported to attack bamboo plantations as well (Chatterjee and Sebastian, 1964,1966 Singh, 1988). The most expert borers of felled bamboos are three species of Dinoderus (celluris, minutes, brevis) and Lyctus, w hich attack bamboo rich with starch (Casin and Mosteiro, 1970 Sandhu, 1975). They cause coarse damage during drying, storage, and subsequent use. Carpenter bees and termites also attack bamboo (Beeson, 1938Sensarma and Mathur, 1957). Bamboos are attacked by marine organisms as well (Anon, 1945).It is reported that bamboos harvested during summer are more rapidly destroyed than those felled in the rainy season (Liese, 1980). Culms of bamboo plants which have flowered are more resistant to beetles because of starch depletion. Hence, the first point of status for the durability of bamboo is harvesting.Harvesting of BambooIn bamboos, soluble sugars are the principal nutrients for parasites. Thus, bamboos with wipe out carbohydrates become reasonably resistant to the attack of borers and staining fungi. Methods adopted for take down the sugar content at the time of harvesting of bamboos are(i) behavior CycleFelling of bamboo at maturity when sugar content is low- swag content in b amboos varies with age. It is lowest during the first year but felling of one-year-old bamboo is not desirable because of very low strength and yield. Normally, bamboo matures at 3-4 years(ii) one-year CycleFelling of bamboo during low-sugar content season-Sugar content in almost all plants varies with seasons. In India, for example, it is higher in spring than in winter (Joseph, 1958). Therefore, it is prudent to harvest bamboos between August and December, which is basically the dry season before monsoons.(iii) Daily CycleFelling of bamboo after sunset- During the day time due to the availability of sunlight a lot of photosynthesis occurs in the bamboo plant and hence a lot of movement of food occurs resulting in increased starch content in most parts of the bamboo tree. But during the night mainly stored food is used and no photosynthesis happens, so it is advisable to fell the bamboo winding after sunset.Leaching of BambooThe bamboo available after harvest is not ready yet, i t still has a large amount of sap content which makes it prone to infestation and decay. Leaching is the removal of sap after harvest. The sap levels in harvested bamboo are reduced either through leaching or postharvest photosynthesis. A variety of leaching practices are used to remove the sap content, the mostly used include1. Cut bamboo is raised clear of the ground and leant against the rest of the clump for one to two weeks until leaves turn yellow to take effective consumption of sugars by the plant.2. A similar method is undertaken, but with the base of the culm standing in fresh water, either in a large drum or stream to leach out sap.3. Cut culms are immersed in a running stream and weighted down for three to four weeks.4. Water is pumped through the freshly cut culms, forcing out the sap (this method is often used in conjunction with the jibe of some form of treatment).In the process of water leaching, the bamboo is dried behind and evenly in the shade to avoid cracki ng in the outer skin of the bamboo, thereby reducing opportunities for pest infestation.Storage of BambooThe bamboo after removal of the sap content is than ready to be stored in storages but certain precautions are taken to enhance the durability of bamboo, they are1. Bamboo is not stored in the open to avoid exposure to climatic forces such as rain and direct sunlight.2. Bamboo is stored in a semi closed area to allow wind movement through its stacks.3. Bamboo is stored a bit (app. 10cm) above the ground to avoid infestation from below, also an insect repellent may be sprayed on the ground.4. Bamboo is stacked in vertical manner, and it should be noted that a minimum of 30% of the moisture in bamboo should be retained.These measures taken ensures that the bamboo is stored in good order and is well protected from reagents, and ready for selection and grading.Selection/ Grading of bambooThe bamboo culms are now ready for selection and grading into various categories, which are henc e accordingly put to use in the construction as per the disposition of demand of the work. The main characteristics of a good, durable and structurally usable bamboo culm are based on the chase key points along with a idea of advisable range of values.1. Age and Maturity plus 5 years2. Dimensional Characteristics 4 63. Wall Thickness 12mm 25 mm4. Inter Nodal Distance5. Straightness and Uniformity1.3.2 Treatment processes of bambooAlthough a great deal of care is taken in increasing the durability of bamboo right from the beginning from the process of harvesting to the selection and grading, the natural bamboo still is not good for long standing structures due to its still proneness to infestation. Hence, the bamboo is made to go through a number of treatment and preventive processes.Natural means-1. water seasoning 3-4 months2. smoke seasoning3. heat seasoningChemical means-1. internodal injection treatment- petro based chemical, creosote oil+diesel (11) 25-40ml2. borax b oric solution- 11 in hot 25L of water 50g of each3. vacuum pressure treatment4. brochh-vsie treatment gravity based1.4 Current State of Problems1.4.1 A Glance at the drawbacks of traditional bamboo construction in North East IndiaSince time immemorial bamboo has been an integral part of the traditional practices of the people of north-central east India. The north eastern parts of India, bamboo is in abundance due to its topography and geographical conditions, and bamboo has found its use in many variations and utilities, ranging from bamboo as a construction material, a key element of interiors such as furnitures and home decor, to daily household usable commodities. Bamboo shoot is a delicacy exquisite to the North Eastern region of India.Although available in bounty in nature, the state of bamboo usable for construction purposes is in a state of dun in the region. The traditional methods of bamboo usage and construction can be said to be unsatisfactory to meet long term goal s of sustainable and long lasting and permanent structures. The virtues of bamboo are not new, but the interest in it is, says Antonios Levissianos, UNIDO senior industrial development officer. Bamboo is no longer seen as a poor mans timber, it is growing to be the most promising substitute for wood and there is great scope for further generating rural employment. Indias current demand for bamboo is an estimated 27 million tones. However, only 50 per cent of that demand can be met because of lack of facilities for value addition and transportation. According to Antonios if proper infrastructure is provided for transportation, either by way of roads or canals, bamboo can be a material with great potential to be used in the construction industry in the NE region of India.If we are to highlight a few key points as to what leads to the failure of the current traditional system of bamboo usage in the construction industry we can consider the following key points(i) Bamboo not hard-boile dIn the current practice system of bamboo usage in the region the bamboo after the process of harvesting as discussed in section A3 3.1, it undergoes little treatment procedures, which makes it prone to infestation and attack from natural reagents.(ii) neediness of Proper JoineryThe current practice involves crude cabinetmaking mechanisms to join two bamboo structural members, which are derogatory and have inverse effects on the life of bamboo and also tend to cause in rupture of the bamboo members.(iii) Lack of Safety measures from Climatic ForcesThis is one of the major cause of failure of current bamboo structures, as the natural climatic forces have an adverse effect on the untreated bamboo. The lack of solid and stable joinery is exploited by the wind in the region whereas, the rain and floods play an even unplayful effect to the untreated bamboo.1.4.2 Identifying the Possible problems in constructing with bambooThe state of bamboo in the North Eastern region of India can be easily be amend if we identify and improve upon the key points or the distinct nodes of the problems, that are associated with the traditional method of construction of bamboo. After a look into our study so far, if we are to list some key issues which needs to be turn to upon as the main nodes to look at for making bamboo a suitable and efficient material of construction we can list out the following points.1. Appropriate technology for bamboo treatment and working toolsThe region does not have a proper treatment facility for the treatment of harvested bamboo which leave protect it from insect and reagent attacks as well as slow its decay process due to effect from natural forces. Moreover, no specialized tools are available for working with bamboo and most of the work is done with tools developed for wood/timber as such it results in rupture and wear and tear of bamboo elements which can be avoided by proper use of tools developed especially for bamboo.2. inclination of proper joinery system- conducive effective production to bamboo materialThe current joinery type used for bamboo based construction is either by tying by ropes or bolting with iron bolts as shown in Fig. 11, the rope tied bamboo joints tend to fail the test of time and climatic forces, whereas the bolting results in unwanted cracks and rupture of the structural bamboo elements.3. Skilled labour- workmanshipAlthough bamboo has been the choice of material since long in the region , a relatively low cadence of labours can come up to the level of being called a primary bamboo construction workman. This is a major setback as to when an architect or builder decides on constructing with bamboo as there is serious lack of proficient labour for bamboo construction. So, the region demands a specialized center for training persons in bamboo construction who can in turn come up to be the skilled bamboo works man for the region. This can inturn help to generate employment for the local public, who a fter being trained can work as bamboo craftsman in the industry.E.g. Hong Kong Bamboo Scaffolding Factory4. Change in genial mindsetA major setback related to bamboo construction in the region is the social mindset of the people who are of the idea that bamboo is a poor mans timer, and fail to understand the potential and beauty of the bamboo material. A through policy for propagate to mass with appropriate technology has to be introduced in a systematic manner which is competitive, durable, aesthetically pleasing and eco friendly.CHAPTER 2 supposal2.1 STATEMENTBamboo is a natural material, it is non-uniform, and degradable in its natural state. However it is one of the most sustainable building materials used till date. However, the key area of concern and the biggest obstacle in the bamboo being used more often in construction is, due to its dimensional constraints the joinery system for the structural elements of a bamboo construction becomes extremely difficult and non-durable . However, custom made joints, which are flexible and also adjustable can help solve the problem as it can convert a non-standardize construction material to a standardize material. Moreover, factory setups for availing the construction industry with well treated, and standardize bamboo elements as well as products can help a great deal in making bamboo the material of choice for construction in the region.Customization of the joinery system of bamboo elements along with better industrial setup for bamboo and bamboo based products will make bamboo a primary construction material.2.2 METHODOLOGYLiterature comprising books, seek notes, websites, published papers, news articles and e-mail correspondence were means of research undertaken. the spring also visited Assam from 13/05/2012 to 10/06/2012 for observations and discussions with professionals. There were site visits conducted during the period.The understanding developed was in the form of why the traditional method of bamboo c onstruction is inadequate and what are the major problems which limit bamboo usage as the primary construction material. These were then explained in terms of case studies with examples from India and rest of the world. The case studies and the problems are then evaluated to reach a conclusion which hint at likely solution to make bamboo a standard and primary construction materialChapter 3 CASE STUDIESBamboo itself has a lot of advantages using it for building houses, bridges . It is a cheap, fast growing material with excellent statistics according to the mechanical properties. However, although it is abundantly available in North East India there are some major problems related to bamboo based construction in the region which has been discussed in clause 1.4.2 of chapter 1 of this report. There may be a lot of solutions possible for the above mentioned problems, which are a hurdle to the face of the hypothesis statement. In order to throw some light on as to how these problems can be looked at and approached, the following case studies are picked from India and abroad.3.1 Case Studies Addressing to Standardization of Bamboo MaterialStandardization of the bamboo material is a very important aspect towards establishing bamboo as a primary construction material. Bamboo is a natural material, and is non uniform and degradable in nature. Moreover, in the current industry setup there are no specialized tools to be worked on bamboo, this as a result makes bamboo a vulnerable material of construction in the region. But, if the bamboo material is somehow standardize, be it whole bamboo or split bamboo, and specific tools are applied for its processing than it is possible to use bamboo and bamboo based products in a way we now use brick and concrete.3.1.1 BMTPC InitiativeThe BMTPC (Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council) of the Ministry of Housing Urban Poverty Alleviation Government of India is looking forward to promote the increased use of Bambo o throughout the country. According to the BMTPC, the strength of bamboo culms, their good faith and lightness combined with hardeners and range and size of hollowers, with good physical and mechanical properties, low shrinkage and average density, it is well suited to replace wood in several applications. The BMTPC propagates the preservation of bamboo through the IS90962006, Code of Practice for preservation of bamboo for structural purpose. It covers the type of preservation, the treatment procedure for structural purposes like posts, scaffolding, walls, trusses etceteraFor the process of standarization the BMTPC has