Assess 'Reformasi' and the democratic transition in Indonesia Essay

Assess Reformasi and the democratic transition in Indonesia - Essay ExampleAn assessment is made of the ideals and goals of Reformasi and how these compare with the present reality. The conclusion identifies key issues facing the country.Indonesia is a Southeast Asian archipelago of over 12,000 islands, with a total population of 270 million, making it one of the largest Islamic nations in the world (CIA, 2007). A Dutch colony for over 350 years, it gained independence in 1945 under Sukarno, a national leader who established a parliamentary government with him as its first President. By 1959, the government was struggle to contain three challenging threats Islamism, communism, and militarisation. Sukarno established a Guided Democracy characterised by military-backed authoritarian rule, a non-aligned foreign policy, and socialist anti-modern economic policies, all of which proved chaotic and difficult to manage (Smith, 1999).Due to increase threats to peace and stability, the army staged a coup detat in 1965 under the leadership of multitude Minister Suharto, who justified it as the only way to protect the nation from communism. Sukarno was deposed and on house peck until his death in 1970.In 1967, Suharto was declared President and ruled Indonesia until his resignation in May 1998, succeeded by his hand-picked successor, B.J. Habibie, who initiated the period of reform in Indonesian politics. During his short term, he allowed parliamentary elections, granted independence to eastern Timor, and in October 1999 handed the Presidency to Abdurrahman Wahid, who in July 2001 stepped down on charges of corruption and handed power to Megawati, Sukarnos daughter. When her term ended in late 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono or SBY, a retired Army general who played a key role in 1998 became the countrys first democratically elected President (Soesastro et al., 2003 McGibbon, 2006).Indonesias recent history could be divided into three